Applied Biology

This course is designed to provide background in the fundamentals of nomenclature, bonding, structures, reaction mechanisms, stereochemistry and synthesis of simple organic compounds. Practical work forms an integral part of this course.

The course deals with a brief introduction to Cell Biology and types/properties of cells based on complexity. The course elucidates the cell architecture, cellular transport as well as the cell organelles and their structure and functions along with their role in cell signalling and communication. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms and pathways of cell metabolism and bioenergetics as well as cell division and cell cycle are included.

The course deals with good laboratory practices, experimental design, plant propagation techniques, extraction/ fractionation and antibacterial Assay Technique, enzymology; isolation, assay, and kinetic studies of industrially significant enzymes like cellulase, amylase and lipase, handling and dissection of laboratory animals, ecological techniques, fixing and preservation of plants and animal specimens, food security preparedness and cell and molecular laboratory techniques.

The course deals with the introduction to plant cell, histology, anatomy and morphological characters. The course also elaborates the primary and secondary growth pattern flower, reproduction and fruit development. In addition to this, various physiological aspects such as water relations, photosynthesis and its types e.g., Calvin cycle, C3, C4, CAM pathways are also discussed. The course also covers the growth and development related topics such as transport of minerals, plant nutrition and deficiency symptoms, and plant hormones in detail.

The course deals with the introduction to entrepreneurship; business knowledge; accounting and finance; management and marketing; operation management; understanding the ecosystem; some applications and project presentations.

The course deals with a brief introduction to Biochemistry and to understand the Principles of Biochemistry. The Course will describe the structures, properties, function, metabolism and regulation of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. In addition to this emphasis will be laid on protein structure and its functions, enzymes and coenzymes, and energy conversion pathways associated with biochemical reactions.

This course provides the scientific principles, concepts and skills to understand and perform some of the processes involved in Analytical Chemistry. The principles governing standard analytical techniques like chromatography, polarimetry, atomic (Flame photometry & AAS) and molecular spectroscopy (UV-Vis, IR) are discussed. The opportunity to obtain hands-on experience with some of these techniques is also provided with selected experiments. A statistical approach to quantitative analytical techniques regarding aspects like accuracy and reliability of results forms an important aspect of this course.

The course deals with conceptual research approaches and skills required for a successful conduction of the research through critical exploration of research tools and information sourcing, data and its analysis, technical-scientific writing and presentation skills, ethical principles and challenges. The course introduces the language of research by applying research methodology in projects/researches inconsonance with information sourcing, data and its analysis, technical-scientific writing, presentation skill, research ethics and trends. It includes discussions on the elements of the research process within quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches, sampling techniques, research designs and techniques of analysis. Moreover, this course will require the students to prepare a small research proposal which contains an introduction, a review of related literatures existing in the library and on the websites, a study framework, one or more methodologies appropriate for the study; and a plan of action outlining how the investigation will take place.

This course introduces the students to the study of microorganisms and offers basic laboratory skills required to perform microbiological investigations. Basic staining techniques in microbiology as well as basic techniques of Food, Industrial, Medical and Pharmaceutical, Environmental, Soil and Agricultural, Water and Wastewater Microbiology are also covered.

The course is designed to give fundamental knowledge of immune system at cellular and molecular levels including the mechanisms of action related to activation of innate immunity components and their activation of T and B lymphocytes. Also, the course briefly deals with the disorders of immune system such as immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and hypersensitivity, strategies of vaccine development, and immunotherapy.

The course introduces the students to the concept of Food Security and covers the topic of achieving food security, possibilities and challenges. In addition, it discusses food processing: definition and role in food security, main unit operations of food processing, processing both by application of and removal of heat. It also covers canning, packaging and food waste

The course will introduce the students to one of the major elements of the global significance in biotechnology, starting from the comparison between the old and modern biotechnology to the applications of biotechnology in different fields. In addition, specific aspects of biotechnology will be discussed in terms of genetically engineered food or organisms, production of valuable products like biofuels and solving environmentally related aspects. Since GM food and cloning have controversial aspects, the students will be given highlights of the ethical aspects related to biotechnology along with a touch on the future of biotechnology.

The course deals with various types of pollution and its impact on human health and the environment. The course also discusses various control measures and solutions for the sustainability of the environment. The topics of industrial waste utilization and solid waste management are also discussed in detail. The concept of occupational health hazards and safety protocols are also addressed. The course also elaborates toxicological aspects by explaining the nature of various toxicants, toxicological studies, and their impact on human health and environment. Biological monitoring, biomarkers and elimination of pollutants through biotransformation process are also discussed in detail.

This course will enable the students to experience the opportunity of formulating a research project by undergoing the scientific process of literature review, planning, designing, sampling, data collection and analysis on the selected and approved topic. The course may add a new contribution or play a role in solving a problem that may be faced by an industry, scientific community and society. The students will be able to compile the research work in the form of a thesis progress report in the Applied Sciences Department. The students should be able to defend the project outcome effectively through oral and PowerPoint presentation.

يتناول المقرر اللغة العربية اتصالا وتواصلا ، التطبيقات في النحو والإملاء والترقيم، الجملة الإسمية والفعلية ونواسخهما، الإملاء و الترقيم. كما يتناول العربية الوظيفية من حيث مهارات الاتصال الشفوي، مهارات الاتصال الكتابي و مهارات الاتصال الرقمي .

The course deals with the crop improvement with advanced plant breeding applications. The course is majorly focused on Plant tissue culture and its breeding applications including micropropagation, somatic hybridization, soma clonal variations, somatic embryogenesis and production of plant metabolites using tissue culture techniques on large scale. In addition to the tissue culture techniques, the course also enables to study the advanced plant genetic engineering method and different transformation techniques to produce transgenic plants with wide applications. Finally, the course discusses about the different plant pathogens and controlling plant diseases using plant biotechnology concepts.

The course covers various aspects of Industrial Microbiology including characteristics and selection of industrially important microbes, their screening, cultivation, growth kinetics, preservation, metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of industrially important products. In addition, the industrial perspectives of fermentation technology viz., upstreaming and down streaming processes pertaining to selected products highlighting Good manufacturing practice (GMP) as well as regulations and guidelines associated with industrial Microbiology laboratories are dealt with in this course.

The course deals with an overview of Bioinformatics and introduction to biological databases. The course also discusses about FASTA and BLAST in detail. In addition to this the course describes sequence alignment, protein structure and function and phylogenetic analysis. The course will introduce concepts of biological and metabolic pathways and PCR primers designing.

This course is an extension of Project A. This course will enable the students to complete the research work carried out in Project A. The students would carry out the required experiments and should be able to interpret, evaluate, critically analyse and relate the results to the outcomes of the project and draw logical and valid conclusions and recommendations in the form of final dissertation or thesis. The students should be able to defend the research work effectively through oral and PowerPoint presentation. The basics of writing and publishing a research paper and the preparation of poster for various competitions will also be discussed in this course.